Although the concentration of activity and people within...

Although the concentration of activity and people within cities is frequently perceived to be the main source of environmental problems, it can also have environmental advantages as well, for instance through the sharing of resources and reduced vehicle travel times. Dr. Steemers believes that more intense land use and sharing of infrastructure such as energy, water, drainage, roads, buildings and public transport can greatly reduce the energy per capita in urban areas. He also explains that urban environments can receive huge benefits from the use of combined heat and power (CHP). CHP has the potential to deliver 55% thermal energy and 30% electrical energy by themselves. The two energies combined can typically deliver 85% or more†¦show more content†¦This can be seen in a higher vulnerability for sickness in elderly people. Microclimate modification through landscaping is a proven method for reducing the heat island effect. Landscaping can be used to control several aspects of the microclimate such as solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity and glare. Using trees and shrubs is the most significant way to provide shade and control of relative humidity and air movement. In addition plants provide ventilation and reduced heat through ventilation. When air crosses hard reflective or absorptive surfaces like parking lots and sidewalks it is warmed, but air passing through trees and plants is cooled (Ogunsote, 2003). Common ways in which to integrate landscaping elements into the urban environment include planting trees and shrubs, lawns and flowerbeds, pools and ponds. Another common way to implement plants into urban areas is through green roofs. A green roof is basically a vegetative layer grown on a rooftop. Green roofs provide shade and remove heat from the air through evapotranspiration, reducing temperatures of the roof surface and the surrounding air. The EPA recommends green roofs for mitigating urban heat islands and outlines some of the benefits below: †¢ Reduced energy use: Green roofs absorb heat and act as insulators for buildings, reducing energy needed to provide cooling and heating. †¢ Reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions:Show MoreRelatedPolitics in Texas1040 Words   |  4 PagesIt is a place with great variety and diversity of population, millions and millions of people in a big state, big territory, racial origins, different cultures, traditions, ethnic diversity, interests, complex economic activities, extremely significant regional variations but also is a conservative state. Going to the exact point, when we talk about Texas and whose the society, we are talking about the people and the government, political culture, and embracing all that common in the context of peoplesRead MoreCase Study : Hilton Hotels And Resorts Industry1621 Words   |  7 PagesHilton Hotels is a hotel chain owned by Blackstone Group that operates within the Hotel and Resorts Industry. As a global player in the industry it is the second largest market leader. It holds approximately four percent of the global market share and has approximately four thousand pro perties ninety countries. According to the IBISWorld report the Global Hotels and Resorts industry is expected to generate more than 864 billion in revenue annually (Alvarez, 2016) and is poised for further growthRead MoreThe Rise of Domestic Terrorism in the United States2030 Words   |  8 PagesWhen discussing terrorism, the groups which most frequently come to mind are those which operate either internationally or specifically in foreign countries, such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, Al Shabab. However, the United States has a number of domestic terror groups some well-organized, some loosely connected that have perpetrated serious attacks over the last few decades. Al-Qaedas attacks on September 11th, 2001, and the subsequent wars born out of the United States response to these attacks haveRead MoreCustomer Is Not Always Right13057 Words   |  53 PagesAn Analysis on How to Handle Dysfunctional Customers And how they affect on Food Servers in selected Restaurants at Eastwood City ------------------------------------------------- A Method of Research and Thesis Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Hotel and Restaurant Management Arellano University - Pasig ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management PresentedRead MoreThe Field Of Economics And Its Impact On The World s Population2543 Words   |  11 Pagesinvolved in production, reproduction, commerce, culture, education, trade, and social organization, yet most mainstream accounts of globalization omit or ignore women, their activities, and their contributions. The field of economics is known for its exclusion of reproduction, caring, and nurturing as vital social and economic activities requiring resources and labor. The concepts of the discipline are often male biased. Since the beginning of the 21st century, we have become more connected than we everRead MoreGreen Consumer Behaviour Sustainability6842 Words   |  28 Pagessocio-demographics, with mixed and frequently contradictory results. To move the debate forward, we investigated a wide range of 40 sustainability activities with 78 consumers, who placed each activity on a matrix according to perceived effort and perceived difference to the environment. Patterns both ac ross respondents and between certain pairs of activities were identiï ¬ ed, and we suggest that this model increases our understanding of how consumers view sustainable activities. Marketers can use this informationRead MoreJohnny Rockets Enter Belgium3255 Words   |  14 Pagesconcepts, such as standardized restaurant chains that offer a limited but popular range of dishes served in packaging for on-the-spot consumption has been widely adopted. We plan to bring Johnny Rocket s to Belgium with a twist of catering to business people, by catering lunches. Every Johnny Rockets restaurant boasts great-tasting food from a menu of All-American favorites including juicy hamburgers, hand-dipped shakes and malts and freshly-baked apple pie. Guests also enjoy an All-American dinerRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation in Mumbai3954 Words   |  16 PagesCrowded city 6 Chemical related disasters in past 10 years. 6 MIGRANTS IN MUMBAI 6 THE SLUMS OF MUMBAI 7 History of Slums: 7 The Birth of Slums 7 Situation prevailing in slums 8 GLOBAL WARMING 10 Global warming in Mumbai. 10 NOISE POLLUTION 11 Sources of noise pollution 11 How to reduce the noise pollution 12 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION 13 Case study of industrial pollution 14 CONCLUSION 14 INTRODUCTION Mumbai formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city properRead MoreIndustry Environment Business Strategy Gap Analysis6407 Words   |  26 Pagesenabled the brand to grow and develop into the most recognized and luxurious hotel brand within India. Hotel brands Worldwide have been trying to go international, taking the advantage of their brand recognition, economic capabilities and increasing market demands. The Taj hotel group past and current strategies of going international were executed in locations that have an already saturated market or in cities that do not have sufficient ‘Taj’ brand awareness. For these reasons, it is essentialRead MorePhaedo by Plato Essay examples2494 Words   |  10 Pagescomplete separation at the moment of death. The responsibility of the philosopher is to seek liberation here in this life and, in so doing, to prepare for the afterlife, as preparation for both the literal and figurative deaths coalesce into a single activity. Liberation here in the visible realm comes from recognizing the hindering function of the body in the souls search for knowledge. Socrates comments that a soul associated too closely with the body will be infected by

Definition Of Corporate Social Responsibility - 1007 Words

Rogers Telecom’s definition of corporate social responsibility is similar to the ISO 26000 in addressing the seven principle subjects, organizational governance, human rights, labour practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, and community involvement and development. Although, not all issues belonging to these principles were addressed. The strongest attributes of the Rogers CSR definition supported by their 2013 CSR report are organizational governance, fair operating practices, consumer issues, community involvement and development, and the environment. The weaker attributes of the Rogers CSR definition supported by their 2013 CSR report are human rights and labour practices. Organizational governance and fair operating practices were evident in both Rogers Telecom’s CSR definition and report as they were frequently mentioned as an important factor in all business activities. Specifically, Rogers addressed two issues under the fair operati ng practices principle, anti-corruption and fair competition. Rogers approach in addressing the issue of anti-corruption is to adhere to the Rogers Business Conduct Guidelines, guidelines that define the expected behaviour from all employees in standards of business conduct, integrity and ethical behaviour. In addition, Rogers Board of Directors must also comply with these guidelines as well as a separate, Directors Code of Conduct and Ethics. Furthermore, Roger’s combats anti-corruption with their whistleShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility Definition1011 Words   |  5 PagesThis research study is about what the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is, how people define and how I understand this term? According to my research and observations, CSR does not have only one and constant definition. I have read a lot of definitions of CSR and in fact, they are similar but not the same. Briefly, definition and understanding of CSR depends on person to person. Thus, I am going to talk about definitions of the CSR and I will define my own perspective about the CSR. Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility: Global Definition of Csr, Impact of Csr on Smes, Best Practices, and Strategies Could Be Implemented in Bangladesh.10265 Words   |  42 Pagesfor CSR solely because of its economic benefits - an ethical case must be made for companies taking responsibility for the impact of their relations with society and the environment, otherwise the foundations of CSR will be far too narrow. However, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly significant category by which a company s reputation is evaluated. A variety of social and environmental issues across a broad spectrum of industries have recently been covered in the mediaRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Sustainability Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Vs Corporate Sustainability in India: A case study on Aditya Birla Group Supriya Agarwal Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now a burning topic in India, which became prominent and most amplified in 2013 when companies were obligated to spend two percent of profit after tax in CSR activities set by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. Although, the concept of CSR is not new in India and has evolved and developed very well from hundredsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of India Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pages CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA â€Å"Crossing the Bridge from Knowing to doing† Jasleen Kaur Luthra* â€Å"Successful people have a social responsibility to make the world a better place and not just take from it.† Carie Underwood Abstract The 21st century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities, arising from globalization, the desire forRead Moreâ€Å"Why Companies Can No Longer Afford to Ignore Their Social Responsibilities†1388 Words   |  6 PagesAfford to Ignore Their Social Responsibilities† Theme of the Article Over the years, the perspective of corporate social responsibility has evolved in Corporate America. Today, many businesses have made promises to contribute to current social problems, such as the environment and labor standards. Companies are now looking at corporate social responsibility as a sustainability tactic that can benefit their overall market value. Companies that do not pay attention to their social and ethical responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Concepts Of Csr And Financial Performance1450 Words   |  6 PagesTo measure the corporate social responsibilities and financial performance, the property and concept should be the first concern. This chapter aims to provide a detailed description of the concepts of CSR and financial performance. The framework and theories of CSR and financial performance are analyzed in the following sections. In addition, the measurement of corporate social performance and financial performance are also discussed. 2.1 What is CSR? After more than one hundred years of improvementRead MoreThe Researcher Will Use A Wide Range Of Secondary Research1294 Words   |  6 Pagesis a multitude of definitions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). According to Business for Social Responsibility, ‘CSR is defined as achieving commercial success in ways that honor values and respect people, communities and the natural environment.’ Alternatively, CSR has been described as ‘an action by a firm, which the firm chooses to take, that substantially affects an identifiable social stakeholder’s welfare.’ Osie-Kwame, S (July 2015). Corporate Social Responsibility refers to businessRead MoreEvaluation: Ethical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pageson Social Responsibility This paper evaluates Cohen’s article on social responsibility and considers how his perspective and ideas align in comparison with other management experts including Drucker and Friedman. Some key components that are included in the evaluation are: †¢ A definition of the concept of social responsibility. †¢ What Cohen identifies as the social responsibility of a business to the workers, stakeholders, and society as a whole. †¢ How Cohen’s perspective of the social responsibilityRead MoreEthical Perspectives On Social Responsibility1478 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Corporations are encouraged to conduct their activities in an ethically responsible manner, however neither the corporate world nor academia has produced a single – all encompassing definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The basic problem is that there are too many self-serving definitions that often lean toward the specific interests of the entities involved (Van Marrewijk, 2003). There has even been a quantitative study conducted onRead MoreDefinition of Csr1234 Words   |  5 Pagesso one significant issue that most firms have been actively involved in is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some may debate that it decreases company’s profits by spending much money on CSR. However, according to Needle (2004), ‘good’ CSR is also good for business, a firm could benefit from doing CSR. Thus, this paper aims to explain its importance. It begins with the definition of CSR and its four responsibilities, then presents how it influences a busi ness and benefits it can bring. Finally

American Foreign Policy free essay sample

This paper examines the need for change in American Foreign Policy through the opinions of three articles. An examination of American Foreign Policy from three articles from Annual Editions American Foreign Policy: Article 33, Musclebound: The Limits of U.S. Power by Stephen M. Walt; Article 12, A Small Peace for the Middle East by Arthur Hertzberg; and Article 11, To Be An Enlightened Power by Wu Xinbo. It discusses the overall foreign policy theme that links the articles together, the central arguments of each article, the article the author tends to support, and what should be the final foreign policy responses and solutions to the problems. All three authors, Walt, Hertzberg, and Xinbo, clearly believe that the United States should change its approach to foreign policy. The authors views are linked by their portrait of the United States as the major super power in the world and the problems and responsibilities that arise with this reality. During the early 1900s, and even looking to the present day, on balance has the rise of American as an empire or hegemon been working for the global good? Looking at this idea in purely black and white terms, sure. US involvement during the late 1800s and early 1900s, including the liberation of Spanish colonies such as Cuba and the Philippines, without a doubt yielded numerous international benefits to the natives of these regions and the United States. However, if when looking deeper and longer, to the actual motivation for the rapid rise of the US to the top of the international society and what actually happened after the initial involvement, it becomes more apparent that maybe, the US was not necessarily the perfect nation that everyone, including US citizens thought they were. Due to the game of politics, the desire to expand the economy, and the thoughts about acquiring land in geostrategic locations, the seemingly pure motivations for moving forces beyond the border of the country become marred. Even from the start of the nation, one of the primary focuses of the people and the government was the expansion of the economy to become competitive with the more industrialized Europe. Initially, thru tariffs, subsidies from the government, and foreign loans, American companies slowly became just as capable, if not more than those in Europe. In addition, the vast new continent had the benefit of an abundance of natural resources. Moving into the late 1800s and early 1900s, the US economy and companies were strong enough to make a forceful appearance into the international limelight. In an attempt to gain more consumers and find more resources to manufacture, the US greedily sought to form economic alliances with countries all over the world in accordance with the ideas put forth in Washington’s Farewell address. However, as wars began to tear Europe apart, the United States inevitably became involved. Due to economic alliances with countries on both sides of wars like WWI, the best policy seemed simply to remain neutral as planned and continue trade. However, to these European nations, providing for the enemy was not an option. While the war presented a unique and profitable venture to arms manufactures and other industries in the United States, it became increasingly clear that neutrality was not a viable option if the government wanted to protect US citizens, particularly US merchant and trade lanes open. The sinking of the Lusithania, while still a British Ship, was one of the last straws, finally adding the United States to the mix of growing international powers engaged in a bloody war. The continuous use of U-boats by Germany on any American merchant ships in European waters could not go unnoticed. However, when Wilson publicly addressed the nation he proclaimed that the United States was going in to help bring peace to the nation and try to work towards a diplomatic solution. He wanted to bring democracy and the ideals of freedoms to the region. However, if one actually looks at what was at stake for the Americans, one realizes that this ideological philosophy was not the core reason behind the entry into the war. In order to preserve the economy, the trade routes that were established, and keep up the prosperity that was observed in the recent past, a stable Europe is necessary. As a source of consumers and general trade partners, European nations were essential to American companies. However, there is no doubt that America’s entrance into WWI and the peace process afterwards had no benefits. Even so, the political involvement in trying to create the American Empire should not be ignored. Rather, it is important to note how Americans political involvement, especially in proceedings after WWI, were beneficial but still with American betterment at heart. However, it is important to  note that American expansion during this time period was fueled by what are now called the â€Å"Foreign Policy Elite,† a group of politicians, bureaucrats, and wealthy Americans who had considerable influence on the political decisions made during the time period. Indeed, the desire of these people to expand markets and improve the clientele of major Americans businesses. Because of the political clout possessed by these individuals, they were able to effectively c ontrol legislation and declarations of war, including that against Spain in order to free Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam. However, more importantly is noting the American impact on the peace proceedings directly after WWI. Wilson’s fourteen points and plans for peace were instrumental in an attempt to bring peace to war-torn Europe. The fourteen points detailed a plan to try and have a balance of power between all the nations in Europe while preventing any one nation from taking the blame for the war or paying reparations. In addition, establishing the League of Nations to help act as a middle man was a novel one for the time period. Sadly, the fourteen points were never put into effect as the European nations met together, excluding Russia and Germany, in order to create a plan that worked for them. Indeed, the treaty of Versailles had Germany paying reparations that would demolish their economy for years and create land borders that would only serve to fuel the fire for more conflict. Wilson could have cared less, and simply watched as Europe lit the fire that would eventually start WWI. The only part of Wilson’s idea that was adopted was the League of Nations. But, ironically, the US never joined due to political tensions between Wilson and the republicans in congress who did not want an international body to govern their choices. In this alone, it is clear that the political rivalry that existed during this time period served to greatly influence American presence in the world as well as their foreign policy. While America’s intentions were noble in trying to bring peace to Europe, the inaction to forward US ideas shows that sometimes, America was not as strong as it needed to be in attempting to bring about democracy and world peace. In addition to the pure politics and economy associated with American foreign policy, the desire to expand both economically and ideologically required us to have presences in geo strategic locations around the globe. After the Spanish-American war, the United States obtained land abroad, including the American Guam and the Philippines. While the US entered the war under the pretense of bringing democracy and freedom to the region, it must be observed how and why the US actually did get involved in this conflict. Originally, under the Monroe Doctrine, it was important to remove foreign influence from the western hemisphere. It was not acceptable that Spain controlled colonies in the Caribbean, so close to the homeland. Therefore, while the US intervened in the name of justice and freedom for the inhabitants of those islands, they had multiple other motivations for doing what we did. Indeed, the people of the United States learned that it is important to not have European influence in the Western Hemisphere. With the turmoil ravaging every single European country, sparing no one, the US learned the importance of having a strong international standing, especially in regards to geopolitical importance. Remembering that we were mostly focused on the expansion of trade routes and commerce, having islands in key refueling lines to Asia and Europe and even to South America was extremely important. In addition, in order to streamline trade routes between the Pacific and the Atlantic, the United States militarily took over Panama in order to build and finish the Panama canal. While the US had an agreement with Panama that we would let them be autonomous, in order to advance US geopolitical interests, the government â€Å"temporarily† broke the agreement, showcasing the American’s desire to improve only their quality of life. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. † These words, written by the founding fathers of the nation, are a true testament to what exactly America is supposed to stand for. America hopes to try and bring the constitution wherever the US flag goes, yet truly what happens is what needs to be examined. It must be realized that while Americans try to work with the idea of trying to spread ideals such as democracy and freedoms, they definitely have their own motives for doing what they do. On a basic level, the United States Empire was a force for expanding ideals that were believed to be good and fundamental to humanity. However, the actual reason for going through with the actions is slightly less ideological. Looking at the specific cases of the Spanish American War and US involvement in World War I, it is visible that the United States on a whole had noble intentions of spreading the ideas of universal freedoms and democracy. However, the true motivation was for the betterment of America. So, on a whole the work done by America abroad did reap benefits for every country involved, as autonomy was eventually given to former colonies, and temporary peace was forged in Europe. Overall, the United States was split pretty much down the middle in terms of the extent to which it was a force for good. While the intentions weren’t all pure and some of the actions were counterproductive to the goals of the United States, the US and the countries in which they were involved still gained benefits from US presence.

Molly Farrell-Savage Essays - Religion, Philosophy, Belief

Molly Farrell-Savage McEachen K Introduction to Psychology 27 February, 2014 Perceptions of Death and Dying Fredrika Verhoeven is 81 years old and lives in the Netherlands. She is Jewish and a survivor of the Holocaust. Fredrika believes that death is a natural part of life and that all deaths have meaning. Because she experienced an event where so many people died, this belief helps her to make sense of it and accept it. This is a basic belief of Judaism. Fredrika also beliefs that after death, there is no afterlife but it's not something that she think about a lot because it's important to her to focus on life now. Ricardo Valenzuela 18 years old and lives in Spain. he is very religious and firmly believes the Catholic beliefs regarding death. He believes in heaven, hell, and purgatory and that it's vital to do good in life. The afterlife is something that he think about often because he regularly attends church and goes to a Catholic school. Rachelle Essig is 48 years old and lives in America. She is Jewish but is not religious. She doesn't have firm beliefs on afterlife but she generally believes that people are reincarnated. She believes this because in nature, flowers die and come back in the spring so it seems logical to her.

Jersey Shore Ocean Pollution Essay Example

Jersey Shore Ocean Pollution Paper We have all enjoyed the small and big beach towns, the sand, and of course the ocean. Recently, we have each noticed reduced pollution and cleaner water. Then we read article after article on increased pollution, damaging toxins, deteriorating health and wellbeing of sea life. How can this be, with all the scrutiny and awareness placed on litter and pollution is general. Then We realized that it was more than just leaving a plastic bottle on the beach or failure to through away a paper wrapper. In fact, it is more damaging than this. It is more so about the toxins and chemicals that seep onto the land, the runoff from building and homes, the ground and air pollution that comes from industry and factories, and the pesticides that are evident in farming and everyday lawn care. The ocean is a great natural resource that must be protected from waste and pollution. Even though there have been great strides over the past several decades to reduce the amount of ocean pollution, more can and should be done. So as a team, we decided to tackle this ongoing issue and concern, in an effort to provide maybe a slightly different insight into a solution space. We will write a custom essay sample on Jersey Shore Ocean Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jersey Shore Ocean Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jersey Shore Ocean Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our thought process centered around leveraging existing ideas/solutions, better and well informed education, and stricter government and federal intervention. Unfortunately, the negative impacts of pollution will never entirely go away. However, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the deterioration of our greatest asset, the ocean. Our paper will cover a brief history of ocean pollution, discuss types of pollution, provide some facts and figures, and will list some of the negative impacts of pollution. We will address the problem space, talk to alternatives, ND provide our recommended solution. It was these few sentences that led us to take a serious look at the issue of pollution, and more specifically, ocean pollution. In the early sasss, New Jersey was known more so for ocean-dumping than for clean beaches. In total, there were eight ocean dumpiest off the New Jersey/New York coastline. The pollution from these dumpiest was ruining the states beaches. Three decades later, the pollution problem remains an ongoing issue and concern. II History of Ocean Pollution: Pollution is not a new issue and concern. In fact, it has been around for many entries. The increased in human population has created more bacteria, disease, and pollution. As far back as the early saws, people began to understand the impact of unsanitary living conditions and water contamination, in that they led to disease and unforeseen death. This awareness prompted major cities to employ measures to control waste an d garbage disposal. The early 1 asss were impacted by the Industrial era, in addition to increasing population. Industrial surrounded cities were experiencing industrial and factory pollution. The resulting smog, soot, and elution created serious health conditions to nearby residents. Water and air pollution became more prevalent in the 20th century. It wasnt until the early sasss that a Federal program was established to curtain pollution. In 1972, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly called the Clean Water Act) was formed. It provided funding to create and improve sewage treatment plants and to set limits on industrial discharge into the water. What followed were Federal and State environmental protection agencies. Laws were enacted to reduce the amount of pollution released into the environment. These laws have significantly reduced the amount of pollution, due to laws that impose minimum federal standards for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. It is well documented that water is less contaminated today than it was several decades ago. However, it still remains a major concern and risk due to continuous low-level exposure to pollutants, and particularly to nonprofit source pollutants. Since the Clean Water Act was passed and reauthorized in the asses and asses, the most harmful pollutants have actually come from effuse sources (fertilizers and pesticides) rather than direct discharges. The Clean Water Act also increased standards for waste treatment plants, in that to is has a ban of pesticides and other harmful chemicals such as [ and lead additives in gasoline, have also helped to control Marti Consequently, the toxicity of the vast majority of chemicals now the environment is very poorly known. Ill What is Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants that are o norm for a given ecosystem. They are consumed by small Mari and introduced into the global food chain. Many ocean polluter released into the environment far upstream from coastlines Farmland fertilizers end up in local streams, rivers, and grounds eventually deposited in estuaries, bays, and deltas. These excess can spawn massive blooms of algae that rob the water of oxeye areas where little or no marine life can exist. Solid waste like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the 01 land or by ships at sea are frequently consumed, with often fat marine mammals, fish, and birds that mistake it for food. Ocean currents corral trillions of decomposing plastic items and onto gigantic, swirling garbage patches (Pacific Trash Vortex) Fish and birds could be harmed from accidentally eating the plan or absorbing substances that leach out into the water. The mail the accessibility to freshwater organisms that can be easily con natural food. IV Pollution Facts: The average American will throw away approximately 185 pound per year. 8% of the worlds oil is used for plastic production.

Family Systems Intervention Essays

Family Systems Intervention Essays Family Systems Intervention Essay Family Systems Intervention Essay Family Systems Interventions Intervention skills: Facilitating family change Change skills 1. Break maladaptive interaction patterns 2. Clarity problematic consequences 3. Alter affective blocks 4. Initiate cognitive restructuring 5. Implement new adaptive patterns 6. Mobilize external resources as required Break Maladaptive Patterns Intervene to control maladaptive patterns by restructuring family interaction verbally or physically When appropriate, facilitate the adaptive expression of anger of one family member in order to block the recurrent problematic behavior of another Clarify problematic consequences Confront family members on the problematic consequences of their own behaviors Provide verbal or nonverbal support before and after direct confrontation whenever possible Alter Affective Blocks Convey the importance of expressing and clarifying affective experience in order to better comprehend the maintenance of overt behavior patterns. Remove inappropriate affective blocks by encouraging open discussion of the emotional turmoil of family members; validate their experience, clarify the content, and provide support Initiate Cognitive Restructuring Call into question collective beliefs, values, or goals that appear to be problematic and initiate open discussion and reevaluation of relevant issues. To prevent new affect from blocking further progress, encourage the expression and discharge of emotion (especially through laughing or crying) while modifying a previous cognitive set. Provide appropriate new information or a reformulation as required to dev elop more adaptive comprehension Encourage family members to consider new ideas further and to continue to discuss specific issues at home in order to reach a reality-based consensus. : Implement New Adaptive Patterns Using behavioral principles, apply social reinforcements to strengthen appropriate behaviors at any ti me during the sessions and encourage family members to do the same. Elicit family member’s willingness to be receptive to suggestions and invite specific behavioral suggestion from other family members (or offer some). Coach the family in implementing changes that are compatible with appropriate development tasks for the whole family as well as individual family members. Introduce adaptive changes in behavior during the interview by redirecting interaction patterns and altering spatial and seating arrangements to rearrange subsystems. Mobilize External Resources as Required Openly admit to lack of progress as explore possible inhibiting factors both inside and outside the family. Effective Assessment and Intervention First, workers must develop an attitude that values the potential of families to change. Assessment and mobilization of family strengths should focus on the positives related to many areas, including Family relationships: caring for members, gender roles that are respected and valued, parental-child relationships based on the best of the child, physical and emotional self-care, the presence of positive family events and successes, supportive couple relationships, family history of previous successes in conflict management, a strong family identity Individual family member skills: cognitive and intellectual abilities, a positive attitude, competent parenting, positive role-modeling, ability to build and access supportive social environments Personal qualities: motivation, goal directedness, self-esteem and competence, an ability to laugh at oneself, inner strengths and resources, strong relational, abilities, nondefensiveness, willingness to work on issues despite challenges Availability of community resources: friends and caring other outside the family, supportive relat ives, health care, education, recreation, spiritual community, social services, the skills to navigate in these community resources Seeing and learning: the ability to recognize difficult life experiences and to learn from these experiences Key Strategies in working with strengths The strength’s perspective capitalizes on the power and will of the family to self-correct with the help of appropriate environmental supports. Words have the power to build up or tear done discourage or encourage. Pathology-based words darken the vista by imposing problems while strength-based words impose solutions and hope. Use a dictionary of helping, a dictionary that includes the use of such words as empowerment, skills, hope, support, ability, and knowledge Assessment and intervention will be more effective if the family social worker keeps the following considerations in mind: Be keenly attuned to culture and adhere to culturally sensitive practices Focus on family needs Respect client auto nomy Avoid fostering unnecessary dependency Reassess and re-interpret client resistance as avoidance of pain Keep healthy professional boundaries while remaining emotionally available Culturally Sensitive Practice We advocate for cultural competence for all workers-competence that avoids the application of stereotypical checklists to families from minority cultures. Suggesting that a single program model or intervention can meet the needs of all cultural families risks stereotyping an reducing each culture to a single entity. Not all members of a cultural group are connected in the same way to their cultural heritage placater Some groups will have blended traditional and nontraditional practices in their daily living. Acculturation can be seen as a mosaic, blending traditional native ways with dominant cultural ways. Five program structures that can be incorporated into family social worker in order to work appropriately with families from different cultures. 1. Workers must have a sincere interest in learning and accepting different cultures. 2. Workers can learn to challenge their ethnocentric beliefs as a n integral part of family social work. 3. Family social workers can be open to collaboration with traditional cultural healers and leaders and support family choices about traditional sources of help that parallel, supplement, or replace interventions that are more common. 4. Family social workers should be familiar with and be prepared ti use existing client support systems, following the appropriate cultural protocols. 5. The intervention skills used by family social workers can adapted to specific cultures 6. Family social workers can seek specific cultural knowledge, which includes awareness of communication patterns, worldviews, belief systems, and values 7. Knowing how to gain entrance into a cultural community is important if a worker were to access culturally appropriate resources for a family. Reassess Clients’ Resistance Resistance may be a message from the client that the family social worker is overstepping the boundaries of the relationship. Resistance can also signal that the issues being discussed are sensitive to the client. Set Realistic Expectations A sixth guideline for family social workers is to foster families’ feelings of competence, rather than inadequacy. Hepworth and Larsen (1993) list the following ecological interventions that family social workers can perform for families: Supplementing resources in the home environment Developing and enhancing support systems Moving and enhancing support systems Moving clients to a new environment Increasing the responsiveness of organizations to people’s needs Enhancing interactions between organizations and institutions Improving institutional environments Developing new resources The way a problem is defined often depends on How the family initially defines the problem The theoretical perspectiv e the family social worker uses The mandate of the agency and how the agency views problems. For example, some agencies embrace solution-focused counseling and define problems to fit theory How the problem is defined jointly between the family and worker in a way that both feel offers the most opportunities to create positive change. Unique ways of viewing a problem 1. A traditional analytic view is that symptomatic person in the problem. 2. The social systems assumption is that the family is the problem – problems evolving from relationship patterns within the family 3. The attempted solution is the problem. This is an interesting view that could be simplified by saying, â€Å"if what you are doing does not work, stop doing it and try something different! † Circular Patters The term patterns mean that the same behavior happens repeatedly and becomes predictable. When a family is mired in problems, it may be because their repetitive patterns have produced gridlock without providing an adequate response to the issue at hand. In this way, the solution becomes the problem. Because the patterns are habits, family members feel secure in the stability they provide. The habitual patterns might be hurtful to individuals and harmful to the family system, but because family members are unaware of or unskilled in other ways of responding, they are unable to change, and the family is described as being stuck. A pattern is a circular sequence of communication that occurs three times. Alternatively, the worker may set the stage to encourage family members to play out their usual family patterns. ? 1. Clarify with the family these patterns, pointing out the relationship between affect, or feelings, and behavior. For example, father scolds child, child feels hurt, child pouts, father feels frustrated, father scolds, and around and around the pattern goes. It is helpful for a family to see how they go around in theses maladaptive circles. 2. When this is done, help clarify any family rules or myths that perpetuate these patterns, for example, a myth that the only way a child will listen to a parent is when the parent yells at the child. 3. When clarifying a circular pattern with a family, it is necessary to explore underlying feelings and any additional behaviors. 4. Point out evidence of emotional distress and get members to label specific feelings. When feelings are out in the open. Particularly fears and hurts, they can be directly faced 5. Encourage the family to provide each member with reassurance and support 6. Help the family develop understanding of each other by bringing their circular patterns out in the open and including underlying feelings. 7. After the dysfunctional patterns have been identified, the worker should then get the family to think of helpful adaptive patterns to deal with problem situations. 8. Help the family negotiate simultaneous change 9. Reinforce family member’s constructive suggestions 10. Coach family members in trying out new adaptive behaviors and assign realistic tasks explicitly as homework. Lineal Circular, strategic and reflexive question Lineal questions ask for basic information and assume a cause-and –effect sequence. Circular questions, on the other hand, are based on circular causality and the connections among family members. Circular questions help the family social worker to learn about ongoing patterns of family interaction and the effects that family members’ behaviors have on one another. Circular questions are intended to create change, whereas lineal questions are intended to draw out information. Strategic questions are directed at change, on the basis of the family social worker’s assessment of the situation. The underlying intent of strategic questions is to correct behavior. Reflexive questions ask clients to become self-observers. Detriangulation Detriangulation involves developing strategies through which the family worker disrupts one triangle and opens up the family members to new, more functional alliances or triangles. Four possible methods of detriangulation are available for the family social worker. 1. One way of detriangulatiojn is to point the triangle out to the three people. 2. Another method of detriangulation is ensuring that family members interact as dyads. 3. Another method is through reversal, or getting one person in the triangle to do the opposite of the pattern. 4. Detriangulation also can occur by shifting alliances that is who does what with whom. If the mother is always the one trying to get a child to comply with a command, change can be accomplished by having the father gain the child’s compliance. Working with Involuntary clients Clients usually look for on of two outcomes from family social work. Some just want to eliminate the pain created by the problem, and in the process want to be nurtured. These clients may be satisfied once the initial stress has been alleviated, and they may avoid making difficult or lasting changes. Other clients want to change their lives in concrete ways. They are willing to work hard to achieve needed changes in their lives. These are the most rewarding clients for family social workers. Many involuntary clients are precontemplators. In other words, they do not believe they have a problem. Others may acknowledge they have a problem but are not prepared to work on it. Families need to know that participating in family social work is their choice. The family social worker should emphasize that freedom from unwanted agency intervention will occur when the conditions of the court order or contracted work are met. Work with involuntary clients begins by finding out what it is like for them to be ordered into family work. This question is one way of showing empathy and starting where the client is. When clients are court ordered, they should be informed that some conditions of the work are not negotiable and they need to understand the specific conditions for termination. When clients do not want work, the family social worker can print out that the family has a right not to participate but that nonparticipation involves some consequences. Motivation is the flip side of resistance. Direct confrontation about responsibility for problems during the assessment phase is likely to produce defensiveness rather that lead to change. Instead, using empathy and rolling with resistance might be most productive. The single most important skill for working with family resistance is being able to identify when it may be counterproductive to push an issue with the family.

Different Rather Complicated Games Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Different Rather Complicated Games - Assignment Example That was when he started to design games of the same nature at the age of about 13.   The writer solemnly believes that the kind of thinking he was doing was the result of the video games and sitcoms that were popular at his time. The writer’s major argument here is that today’s pop culture does not affect the individuals, in fact, it is the other way round. Pop culture is the result of the system. The writer goes on to say that he doesn’t believe that today’s pop culture make it to the bracket of masterpieces but it certainly has more depth and meaning than it appears to have. The writer believes the sleeper curve to be the most important force that is affecting mental development in this age. He believes it to enhance thinking and improved behavior in members of the society rather than the opposite. The opposing position to this argument is that the pop culture enhanced by the popularity of video games knows no boundaries. The sex, violence, and profan ity not just give out a negative image of the society as a whole, it corrupts it. Columnist Suzanne Fields puts it best; it is shameful to think about how many people are exposed to the worst traits within their society. The boundaries of acceptable conduct have become murky because people believe it is okay for them to act in accordance with what the pop culture is showing them. The writer’s major argument is that media doesn’t corrupt society, it is a result of the corrupted society. The pop culture in the form of video games is a reflection of the real world, the world that isn’t the so happy and safe place people want it portrayed like. The author also says that it is not the content of the pop culture that matters but one needs to look at the positive thought process it is responsible for. The writer goes on to acknowledge the benefits of conventional learning forms such as books admitting that they are the best vehicle of learning but argues that video gam es can provide with the same benefits. The only problem people have with them is that they came later on. If video games were the conventional form of learning and books were introduced after them, people would have the same reaction to books. He says that people are just resistant to change and adapting to modes like television and video games as learning sources it just a matter of being better acclimatized with them. Video games benefits are simply not limited to better hand and eye coordination, it offers much more. In retrospect, video gaming is a more effective form of learning for it is more engaging, interactive and generally more enduring. It packages learning with the element of fun delivering lessons without boring people. In fact, many a time when individuals are not playing, they are thinking about how to overcome a particular obstacle in the game. As such, video games encourage and foster personal as well as mental development. The writer of the book comes across as im partial. True he has very strong beliefs about the pop culture especially video games believing them to be a positive driver of the society. However, it cannot be ignored that the writer acknowledges the other point of view and gives it due consideration.